Three Things to Know about Diabetes

1. Not all diabetes is the same 

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys insulin-producing cells in the pancreas, leaving the body with little to no insulin production. Although it can develop at any age, Type 1 is frequently diagnosed in children, teenagers and young adults. This kind of the disease cannot be prevented or cured nor is it caused by diet or lifestyle choices.  

Type 2 diabetes, the most common form, develops when the body’s cells become resistant to insulin, making it difficult to regulate blood sugar levels. Over time, the pancreas may also struggle to produce enough insulin. Although more common in adults, Type 2 can develop at any age. Contrary to popular belief, eating too much sugar does not directly cause diabetes, though diet, genetics and other factor can contribute to the risk of developing Type 2.   

Other forms include gestational diabetes, which develops during pregnancy, and less common types caused by genetic mutations, certain medications or conditions affecting the pancreas.  

2. Recognizing the symptoms and warning signs 

Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes share many common symptoms, but they differ in how quickly those symptoms develop and their severity. Type 1 symptoms often appear suddenly, while Type 2 symptoms tend to develop gradually, sometimes over several years.  

Common symptoms include increased thirst, frequent urination, unexplained weight loss, fatigue and blurred vision. People with diabetes may also experience hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar, which can cause dizziness, a rapid heartbeat, shakiness and sweating. When blood sugar drops below 70 milligrams per deciliter, the recommended response is to consume 15 grams of fast-acting carbohydrates, such as fruit juice or glucose tablets, wait 15 minutes and check blood sugar again, repeating the process if necessary.  

Hyperglycemia, or high blood sugar, can cause increased thirst, frequent urination and fatigue. Treatment may include insulin or other prescribed medications, depending on the type of diabetes and individual treatment plan. Drinking water can also help the kidneys flush out excess glucose through urination and prevents dehydration. Exercise should be avoided when ketones are present, because physical activity can worsen dangerously high blood sugar levels.  

3. Managing diabetes and reducing the risk 

Although there is currently no cure for diabetes, the disease can be managed through medication, regular blood sugar monitoring and healthy lifestyle choices. People with Type 1 diabetes require insulin therapy, while those with Type 2 may manage their condition through a combination of medication, physical activity and dietary changes. 

Unlike Type 1 diabetes, which cannot currently be prevented, the risk of developing Type 2 can often be reduced through regular exercise, balanced nutrition and maintaining a healthy weight. Regular screenings can also help identify prediabetes, a condition in which blood sugar levels are elevated but not high enough for a diabetes diagnosis.  

Without proper management, diabetes can lead to serious complications, including heart disease, kidney damage, nerve damage and vision loss. Health care professionals emphasize the importance of early detection, routine medical care and maintaining healthy blood sugar levels to reduce the risk of long-term complications.